Food Allergy Glossary

Allergy

A reaction in the body caused by the immune system mistakenly identifying a normally harmless substance (eg, protein) as foreign to the body.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of protein. Whole proteins are composed of amino acids bound together. In order to be absorbed by the body and used, whole proteins are normally broken down by acids and enzymes during the digestive process.

Bile

A yellow-green fluid made by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and passed through the common bile duct into the small intestine where it helps digest fat. Bile passes through to the stools, making them a darker color.

Exempt Infant Formulas

These are a group of specialty infant formulas that are intended for use by infants who have an inborn error of metabolism, low birth weight, or who otherwise have an unusual medical or dietary problem. The formulas will often require a medical certificate from the doctor in order to purchase or to have them reimbursed by the insurance company.

Hydrolyzed Formula

A formula in which the bonds that hold the protein molecules together have been broken through reaction with water.

Hypoallergenic Formula

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, a formula can be considered hypoallergenic if it is demonstrated in clinical trials that the formula does not provoke an allergic reaction in at least 90% of infants or children with confirmed cow's milk allergy who consume it. Extensively hydrolyzed and free amino acid-based formulas are hypoallergenic. Currently available partially hydrolyzed formulas and soy formulas are not hypoallergenic.

Women, Infants and Children's Program

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children provides infant formula vouchers, food vouchers, and nutrition education to low-income infants, children, and mothers who are found to be at nutritional risk. Each state handles their Women, Infants and Children's Program separately from other states.